[shaking speaker*]

Among the fears shared by most people is the fear of public speaking. Many of the bravest and most confident people shake at the mere prospect of standing up in front of their peers and sharing their knowledge. Yet, many such individuals find themselves in a situation in which they must or should do exactly that, orate. As it is completely unrealistic to make the fear and/or nervousness disappear, I will present a method for preparing oral presentations that will  be “good enough” and allow the speaker to make a positive impression on others.

1.   Topic choice – The speaker must be familiar with the topic and find it, at minimum, moderately interesting. Non-professional speakers cannot successfully fake knowledge and interest , i.e., the audience quickly grasps that the speaker is not an expert and/or is not excited by the topic. Therefore, it is a strategic mistake to speak about matters regarding which you have insufficient knowledge and lack passion.

2.  Organization – It is the task of the speaker to organize the material. Listeners do not appreciate having to make sense of the material. Thus, in order to ensure completeness and structure, begin by “brainstorming” ideas, whether on paper or the computer, and then group them, putting them in proper order. As any student that has had to suffer from an ill-prepared lecturer knows, chaos creates a negative impression.

3.  Outline – After organizing the material,  the next step is to construct an outline of the content, limiting the text to phrases and avoiding sentences. The biggest bane of listeners is being read to. Not far behind is the placement of the script on the PowerPoint slide. By avoiding a script and applying relevant phrases as the backbone of the lecture, the speaker speaks to the audience instead of reading to it.

4.  Practice – Even experienced lecturers profit from rehearsal. The practice audience can be team members, family or even pets. Each repetition improves the fluency of the speech and smoothness of the transitions. The actual number of repetitions required to attain fluency varies from person to person and situation to situation. Remember that audiences recognize and appreciate a well-prepared lecturer.

5.  Familiarity – An additional advantage of sufficient rehearsal is that the speaker can overcome the inevitable initial nervousness and demonstrate expertise. Regardless of how shaky the person feels in the beginning, the mastery of the content created by the practice takes over and shines above any signs of nervousness. Listeners respect content confidence.

It is important for speakers to recognize that public speaking is an art, i.e., it is a skill that constantly develops. No speaker is completely satisfied with the result. Perfection and potential are not relevant concepts when evaluating any specific lecture. The only issues are whether the speaker succeeded in transmitting the content and how to improve the next time. The most amazing phenomenon is that, at a certain point, some people start enjoying being the star of the show and relish the interaction with the audience. Even those that don’t enjoy the experience can make a competent oral presentation if they prepare properly.

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[bird in hand*]

Translation being an Internet-based service, I have experienced, for better or worse, a wide range of payment arrangements. They generally differ in terms of time, with these variances usually depending on the type of customer and payment infrastructure. I can say for certain that payment terms for translation services are not a “one size fits all” category with the major distinction being individual companies as compared to translation companies and other corporations, private and public. The range of conditions include:

Private customers:

Full prepayment – Generally demanded from first-time customers regarding which there is some doubt or used for customers in countries where that method is socially acceptable. I personally find it less comfortable as prepayment somehow puts extra pressure on me but that is a matter of personal approach.

Partial advance payment with the rest upon delivery: This option is ideal for larger projects, reducing the risk to the translator or editor, as well as a compromise in terms of showing how much trust there is in the ordering party. This arrangement is similar to how house renovation is handled: the payee makes an initial partial payment and waits to see the final result before complete payment, which should be made promptly after delivery.

Full payment immediately upon delivery: In my experience, this is the most common manner with individual customers. “Immediately” may involve a few days but not more. This method is very natural for customers as they are used to paying for products at stores upon receipt and the most agreeable for translators and other freelancers in terms of cash flow. It prevents the feeling of becoming an unwilling credit agency.

Monthly invoice: For private customers with regular work, such as law firms in my case, it is often more convenient for both the translator and payer to receive a monthly invoice, which is to be paid promptly.

Invoice plus 30 days: This is the least ideal method for private customers. Not only do payers tend to forget to pay, which then leads to more time investment due to the correspondence, but translators often forget that they are owed money and discover three months later that they still have not received payment. Freelancers should avoid this term of payment unless there is some compelling reason otherwise.

Translation agencies, corporations and public agencies

The playing field changes here. These large bodies have far more bargaining power than freelancers as well as less flexibility than private customers. Thus, in general, they set the terms, which translators can either accept or refuse.

Immediate handling of invoice: This is best of all possible worlds for freelancers. The receiving company is sufficiently streamlined to direct the invoice to the relevant department, which issues payment within one and no more than two weeks. Translators, bless such customers.

Invoice date plus 30 – This is much more common and still reasonable. In practice, the institution allows itself a full month to make the payment. It also guarantees that the translators will not have a long wait before receiving compensation for their work.

EOM (end of  the month): This method is also standard and requires all service providers to submit their invoices by a certain date, generally a few days before or after the last day of the month. The company then issues payments within 1-2 weeks. In practice, it means anywhere from 10-45 days from completion of work, depending on the actually date of completion. Freelancers have to keep records and pay attention to the last date of submission for a month. Otherwise, they can find themselves waiting an additional 30 days.

EOM plus 30: Unfortunately, this policy is quite common. It is identical to the previous one but with one critical difference: the company pays the invoice at the beginning of the month following the month of submission. Thus, the payment delay often reaches 45 days and more.

EOM plus 45 or 60: This is approaching the extreme end of the scale. Translators that work under such terms should take the delay into account and add a “credit” charge to the fee, albeit a hidden one, to compensate for the delay in payment. Accept at your own risk.

Invoice date plus 90: Contracts with public agencies and institutions may be rather large but often involve quite complex payment approval procedures, or at least so these bodies claim. It is not unusual to have such bodies take 90  days or more to approve and execute your payment. Translators and other service providers need to take that into account in terms of cash flow and rates. Clearly, these bodies set the terms. The freelancer can either accept or avoid them. Consider carefully.

In practice, I have worked with all these conditions, including the last one. There is no single “ideal” payment term. Each customer situation has its own elements. Clearly, the faster the payment, the better but, on the other hand, a customer in the hand is income even after 45 days. For translators, the time of payment can be as important as the actual amount.

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[guns at Gettysburg*]

An essential part of any successful translation is another pair of eyes. It is a standard part of the document QA process to have someone else, an editor, review the document as prepared by the translator. In some cases, notably in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, government regulations delineate the responsibility of each editor, ranging from fundamental check of the translation to identification of critical errors and formatting issues. In most other fields, the responsibility of editors is far more ambiguous. Editors can understand that it is their task to correct any translation and language errors but also can assume, as the agent of the paying party, that their mandate is to create the best possible translation, which generally involves also improving the style of the original translation. Depending on the approach, the physical and emotional result is quite different.

Many translation editors, often translators themselves, emphasize the checking aspect of their task. In other words, they compare the source and target document and amend the original translation if they find terminology or syntax issues that affect the reader understanding of the document. In most cases, such editors often think “I would have written this sentence differently but, as is, the content is clear and correct.” The resulting amended document is thus essentially similar to the original with minor changes (assuming that the translators did a reasonably professional job). For translators, viewing the tracked changes can be a bit annoying when they don’t agree but not an emotionally catastrophic event as the amended text shows that the translator expressed the essential elements of the original document in a reasonable way.

On the other extreme are those editors whose vision is solely to produce the best possible text as they see it. These are often in-house or monolingual (just considering the target text). The editing process approaches that of rewriting, with each sentence subject to total revision if the editor find that path appropriate. The translator’s writing style and terminology choices are not relevant factors. The resulting text resembles Picket’s troops after the Battle of Gettysburg, with the red (or other color) of tracked changes dominating the basic black of the original. For the translator receiving the marked up revised version, it is painful even to start to analyze the changes, especially when so many are “preferential”. It is generally but not always correct to say that the new version is better in most ways but that does not necessarily mean that the original translation was poor. For the most part, as a rule, any revision, especially by another person, will improve even the best written document.

Translators have almost no control on which editor their work will fall or the actual instructions to that editor. In the case of a gatekeeper editor that makes only essential changes, all the translators needs to do is to take a deep breath and patiently and objectively (as much as humanly possible) either accept or reject the changes, providing explanations in the latter case. This approach shows professionalism and adds to the translator’s prestige. If we wish to be honest, it is always possible to improve any text. Translators face a much more difficult task when receiving a total rewrite. It is important to avoid the two extremes, i.e., complete loss of self-confidence and indisciminate dismissal of the corrections of the editors. The truth is somewhere in between. Beyond the actual corrections, it is important but admittedly difficult to admit that the purpose of the whole translation process is to produce the best possible translation, with both the translation and editor having important role. In the final analysis, the bottom line is that the customer is happy.

When I work as an editor, I attempt to avoid imposing my writing style on the translation as I believe that a translated document is a piece of writing in itself, unique and characteristic of its writer, who happens to be a translator. In some cases, when the translator has confused or convoluted the content, it is necessary to make wholesale changes but that path is a last resort. There are many roads to Rome and almost as many ways to translate a given text. Yet, I have occasionally almost rewritten translations, producing not only a much better text but probably also harsh emotions in the actual translator.

In technical translation, the golden path in most cases involves some combination of respect of the manner of expression of the translator and loyalty to the text and the customer. For the editor, it is often difficult to find that ideal compromise. For the translator, it is necessary to learn from one’s errors while recognizing that the editor due to personal reasons or professional guidelines chose to rewrite a reasonable translation, which does not take away from the skill of the original translator. Translators need to live, learn and believe in themselves and in their ability to live and learn.

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[yellow locker among orange ones]

With the Covid crisis and ongoing wars, escapism has become almost a daily need. It seems obvious today that if reality is too depressing (and drugs are not your style), a few minutes or hours of TikTok, YouTube, Netflix or cable television is the perfect way to create the illusion that everything is fine. However, people forget that once, through the 1970’s, in the United States, a few commercial television stations were the only source of home entertainment and were, on the whole, rather vanilla, i.e., directed to the average viewer as the major networks perceived such a creature (genially referred to as the Nielsen family). Today’s varied and potent range of escapism owes much to the earliest commercial TV pioneers that were willing to be different and prepare future generations how much fun it is, among things, to work out, trash athletes and cook gourmet food at home.

Jack LaLanne

Jack LaLanne

At a time when most people stopped exercising after high school or even did not know that they should keep in shape, Jack LaLanne had a morning workout show from 1951 to 1985. American housewives from the privacy of their own home would stretch and work out every morning once the children went off to school. One would think that the instructor was a hunky young man but instead he was rather older looking, quite different from today’s high-energy trainers. Somehow, he showed that you  don’t have to be a “jock” to exercise and that it even helped you feel younger and look better. Jack LaLanne had a significant role in creating the “stay fit” culture that impacts people of all ages today.

[Howard Cosell]

Howard Cosell

Watching sports is an ancient pastime. The ancient Greeks did it. Probably Neanderthal man did it but we admittely have no proof of that. Part of the fun of watching sports is making highly critical remarks about an athlete despite the fact that we may have never even played the sport or, at best, last played it several decades previously. However, through the 1960s, sports announcers were either employees of the team or maintained neutrality and only described the action. Then, Howard Cosell became a commentator in Monday Night Football and “told it like is” despite the fact that he had never played any American football in his life. He was the “average Joe” expressing his opinion on how awful the quarterback or team was, just what many of the viewers were thinking. Viewing Monday Night Football became a sort of a menage á trois, i.e., Team A vs. Team B. vs. Howard Cosell, with the third party being the most interesting. Today, any fan with an opinion can set up a podcast or YouTube channel and express their ignorance to the masses. Howard Cosell helped make that cool.

[Julia Child]

Julia Child

American home cuisine in the 1950’s was rather limited not because of the ingredients but instead due to the general ignorance of cooking. Most American women thought that home cooking and fancy restaurant dishes were two completely different worlds, like oil and water. Julia Child came along and showed them how to cook “fancy” dishes at home, changing their whole approach to cooking. Because the programs were live, she even made mistakes, which created more authenticity. Gradually, both men and women began to try to make new and adventurous food (everything is relative). Today, it is possible to watch “foodie” shows 24 hours a day as well as find recipes and demonstrations on the Internet including video demonstrations for any dish you can or cannot imagine. Some of these gurus actually make money doing so.  Julia Child had a major role in creating that culture.

Most people may have forgotten or never heard of these people now but their belief in their way of living helped create a world of personal freedom. It may feel that there are too many options and that people go too far. Yet, escapism is human too and healthy in moderation. All of today’s public fitness freaks, couch critics and cooking fanatics can thank these pioneers for their broadcasting of the joy of escapist life .

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[mountain path to snowy peak*]

Many people are amazed by those that have learned a foreign language and even more so by those that can speak more than two or more. Yet, the term “learn” is subject to countless interpretations, ranging from being able to function as a tourist to writing scholarly articles in the foreign language. As a translator that makes a living by working with foreign languages and a person that has conducted my daily routine in my  non-mother tongue for most of my life, I can say that learning a foreign language is a journey with a goal that is essentially unattainable in terms of structure, vocabulary and culture. Nonetheless,  the path  to mastery of another tongue is a pleasure in itself and merely ultimately depends on effort, not on innate ability.

Every language has its unique way of phrasing ideas. For example, some languages, notably English, prefer direct active expressions while others, especially Russian, often use passive or indirect forms. Compare the English I feel like (doing nothing) as compared to the Russian мне хочется [mne hotyetcya], literally to me is wanted. Likewise, the use of delayed subject varies: compare It is raining in English to יורד גשם [yored geshem] in Hebrew, rain is falling, without the “it is”. These variances create native language interference with the foreign language. It may take years of practice and correction to stop the leakage, if ever. Thus, foreigners, even when they speak fluently, struggle to speak like the natives in terms of sentence structure.

Total word knowledge is essentially a mirage. No matter how long a person lives in the country and uses the language, there remains a large quantity of unknown terms. For example, despite some 35 years in Israel, I just learned that gamalim means “camel drivers” as compared to gmal-im, which means “camels”.  Another interesting pair in Hebrew is germanit with the accent on the third syllable means “German” as compared to “Germanic” when the second syllable is stressed. On a more general level, some languages prefer specific language while others tend to make the concrete abstract, notably French. Despite all of one's efforts, it is impossible to know and understand the entire lexicon of a second language.

Culture is a multilayered factor. In most countries of the world, there are many subcultures, each with their own list of preferred and disapproved expression. One interesting example is the use of the word cousin. In most countries, the terms refers to a blood relative. However, many Irish indirectly refer to the British as their cousins while Israeli Jews similarly refer to Israeli Moslems (on the basis of the Biblical story of Hagar and Sarah) simirly. Generational differences also affect language use. For example, Israelis over the age of 50 will easily understand quotes from the legendary comedy trio Hagashah Hahiver while younger ones may have no clue to what they mean. For English speaking audiences, imagine the difference in saying “happy feet” to those over 50 as compared those in their 20’s. Of course, religious references differ depending on the dominant faith in a given culture. As we can only exist in one four-dimensional position at a time (as far I know), it is impossible to master all cultural references.

It may seem that I am implying that learning a foreign language is a waste of time if we can never attain full mastery. On the contrary, being able to communicate in a different language not only opens gates of understanding to so many people, it also enriches the mind. In my experience, regardless of age, it is exciting to learn something new. As the language learning experience is never-ending, it provides a never-ending opportunity to discover the unknown. People always have more to learn.

Not only is this potential not limited by financial or physical capacity, it also does not require extraordinary intelligence. To learn a foreign language only requires effort and practice as well as the willingness to make a fool of yourself and learn from mistakes, just like a four-year old. Clearly, innate ability and intelligence make the task easier but they do not determine success. The worst language learners have become fluent when “forced” by circumstances to function in that language. More importantly, reaching the peak of perfection in a foreign language is ultimately irrelevant. It is important to remember that even native speakers never master all aspects of their mother language. In practice, the trek up that mountain of fluency is filled with amazing discoveries and funny stories. For many people, especially translators and interpreters, it is the intellectual journey of their lives.

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[red onion cut open*]

I suddenly realized that I am in the middle of my fourth decade of teaching. Not only that, in some four years, I will retire (please note: not get to or will have to) from teaching (but not translating). Clearly, I am a much different teacher today than I was twenty years ago or even ten years ago. As I thought about that evolution. I realized that I had finally reached the third layer of teaching, the emotional connection, which only could follow after attaining thorough knowledge and skillful communication, at least in my case.

To explain, the first step in becoming an effective teacher is exceptional knowledge of the subject matter, which creates both teacher self-confidence and student belief in the teacher. It would seem obvious that teachers master the subject matter but it actually takes years to attain the complete control of all the details required to properly teach the material. “Student” level is not enough to effectively teach anything. It is necessary to know the material backwards and forwards, at 4:00 AM in the morning. That assurance provides the teacher with the backbone to stand in front of a sea of faces and explain a matter as “the expert”. Students quickly identify any lack of certainty. They recognize on whom they can depend for reliable information, which creates their trust in the teacher.

Freed from the stress of subject matter management, teaching becomes the art of classroom management and communication with students. Effective teachers learn what techniques aid students in learning and which actually harm. For example, if a teacher hands out written material that mirror the spoken words, the students will probably not listen. In terms of preparing material, outstanding teachers know now to break down complicated processes into short simple steps, a vital skill for reaching those students that struggle with the material. On a one-to-one basis, student-teacher communication involves openness and patience mixed with wisdom in cultivating and maintaining the learning relationship even when rejecting the substance of the student message. Clearly, teachers being human beings, educators have their own individual style, which must be authentic, as well as strengths and weaknesses. Fine-tuning the techniques takes years and is always a work in progress.

In my opinion, the next, maybe last, stage goes beyond subject matter teaching  and expands to educating, even mentoring in some cases, which involves significant self-confidence and emotional intelligence on the part of the teacher. Students of all ages are people that are developing, often without guidance. They are searching for a way to cope with the challenges of the present and a direction for the future. On the other hand, teachers are also human, also coping with numerous demands not only from the students but also from their own situations, including a decreasing amount of energy as they age. It is clearly impossible for a teacher to take on students as their own children. That is not a practical or even desirable role. Yet, a teacher can influence students by providing words of encouragement and support, suggesting solutions and approaches and merely just listening. For example, a teacher can go the extra mile if a student is going through a crisis or requires extra help. Sometimes, a teacher’s faith in the ability of the student to learn a given skill is far more effective than a grade. Teachers can identify students lacking self-confidence and encourage them. This task require significant time and energy, which is generally only available once the teacher masters the other aspects of the profession.

To avoid any misinterpretation, even with my long experience, my teaching is far from perfect. Teaching is an art, not a science, and is never fully mastered as each class and each day are unique. Moreover, experience and skill do not necessarily have a causal relationship, i.e., there are amazing newbie teachers and awful experienced teachers. Yet, while the material of teaching any material is clearly finite, we teachers are dynamic, changing with the circumstances and age. In the twilight of my teaching career, I am still evolving and discovering new ways to help students, which helps me maintain my enthusiasm for the actual teaching part of the profession. Teaching is truly a bit like an onion not only it can be both taste sweet and cause tears but also because it demands time and effort to master its many layers even if they are not obvious at the beginning.

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[vegatables*]

This last week, I experienced a classic business bundling sitaution. In order to rent out a flat, it became necessary to make repairs and paint it. Consequently, we met the contractor at the flat, who by chance invited his son, a real estate agent, to arrange the matter. As the flat would need thorough cleaning, the handyman mentioned that he could get a quote on that task from a company he worked with. Voilà – one project will provide work to three different companies, all because of the cooperation between them. This almost magical creation let me to consider types of business bunding and question how it works in the translation business.

First, some professionals are by definition bundlers, more commonly known as contractors. Building contractors may do some of the work themselves but they openly subcontract a significant part of the work to specialists, including plumbers, electricians and roofers. In fact, their intrinsic value is that they find the required complimentary professionals.

Other professions have links to complementary experts that are required to complete certain projects but the customer retains the privilege to choose the specific service provider. For example, insurance claims often involve assessors and repair services but the customer has the right to select the actual provider. Likewise, a real estate agent may have a preferred handyman but the renter can limit the agent’s services to finding tenants only.

Some companies bundle their own services. As the State Farm ad reminds us, it is less expensive to bundle home and car insurance. A packing service may also naturally provide storage and shipping. There generally is some connection between the bundled services as the assumption is that the services involves some common expertise or goal. It would be weird if a mortuary service also provided refrigerator repair. To a certain degree, expanding the range of potential services to a customer is an effective way to increase income.

As a translator, not a translation company, which is a contractor in effect, I need to consider what type of bundling I can offer. I work from three languages into English as well as do English editing. This package is a good start but clearly limited in itself. In projects requiring multiple language combinations beyond my expertise, I have occasionally arranged translators of other language combinations for customers, who have appreciated the extra service. As for complementary services that would benefit all parties, I have not discovered any effective combination aside from translator/editor, which is generally only requested in literary translation.

Based on the real-life incident and the analysis of the bundling, all businesses can benefit from partnership with complementary services. The challgenge can be identifying those services and service providers that would create additional value. 

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[spine*]

There is this moment of complete shock. A computer technician comes in and solves a vexing problem in five minutes and then charges for a full hour. There is something unjust and absurd, even criminal, about the lack of proportionality between the time spent on the task and the amount you must pay. Yet, if carefully considered, professionals earn their rates if one considers that the years of education and experience it requires to efficiently solve a problem the first time. This assessment impacts not only our reaction when paying for services but, just as importantly, our conscience as professionals when demanding such rates. A qualified service provider not only should demand professional rates but do so with confidence.

It used to bother me that my accountant charged me so much money for preparing my simple tax return when I know that “all” he did was enter the numbers of the various factors into a computer program, press calculate, save the result and send me the bill. However, after considering how long it would take me identify those factors, find and understand a relevant computer application and enter the numbers, I realized that the accountant was saving significant toil and suffering, not to mention further explanations to the IRS. I was not paying for the hour or so of effort by the accountant but instead for the expertise and experience that allowed him to quickly complete the task. In one specific case, I did find the actual amount of the bill obscene and switch to less expensive accountant but I am happy with my choice to pay a professional for the service.

To turn the coin over, if you are a professional with several years’ experience, you probably have all the tools and knowledge required to complete most standard tasks in your field within a minimum time. In practice, the actual work required is far less relevant than how long it would take the customer or an untrained employee to complete the same task at the same level. If you are significantly more efficient or, even better, acting as the client’s “savior” in a given situation, your rate, even if it reflects work time far higher than actually invested, saves the customer meaningful time and effort. Thus, you can justify a respectable rate. So, ideally, service providers should consider the value of the service received by the customer.

As a legal translator, I provide many standard forms but charge by certificate, not time. To illustrate, many authorities require proof of address, generally a utility bill of some kind. With some 20 years’ experience and a large database, this task is not time-consuming but merely requires great attention to details, especially numbers. The customer is not paying for my actual time but instead for my knowledge and skill. As much of my work involves Hebrew texts, many of my customers could not do this themselves nor consider it worthwhile to keep an expert on the payroll. So, like the computer technician in the introduction, they pay for my expertise.

Thus, when considering whether the price of a professional is justified, consider the years it requires to reach that level of expertise and how much time/effort it takes an unskilled person to attain a similar result. Likewise, when setting professional rates, freelancers should also consider the value they are creating as perceived by the customer. Of course, the exact rate depends on the context and is far from exact. Still, the knowledge that a various task requires expertise attained over years should help provide some backbone to accepting and demanding proper professional rates.

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[A rainy tinny celebration]

There is a power in being a couple not just in dealing with life’s crises but also as working as a freelancer. My wife and I just celebrated our 10^th wedding anniversary. We are both freelance translators, even having met at a translator conference, albeit in different but complementary language combinations (Hebrew – English for me; the opposite for her, in different specialization areas). We can both see how much our individual business have benefited by sharing a profession. These advantages are reflected in the technical, emotional and financial stability.

Giving that not only is no man (or woman) is an island but also no person can be proficient in all areas of business, partners can complement each other’s skills. My wife enjoys technology (and house repairs) and views any hardware or software problem that arises as  an interesting challenge. She eagerly checks out the new features of any new program or upgrade. I, on the other hand, prefer the language aspect of this business. Finding the ideal phrasing for a delicate email  in English to a project manager is a fascinating intellectual exercise for which my American background has prepared me. Furthermore, as we work from opposite source languages, we help each other hone the exact meaning of any word in question and discuss which word or phrase in the target language would best express that sense. Occasionally, we agree to disagree. Having an in-office expert is a great asset.

Clearly, no less important is the emotional support we provide for each other. Freelancing, especially translating sometimes is a lonely, frustrating and unpredictable life style. The nature of the job is  to spend many hours sitting in front of a computer interacting with text whether in the form of a document or email. While written words are far less annoying than most people, it is also far less human by definition. The actual business aspect can be frustrating as, despite our best efforts to avoid them, misunderstandings occur with clients. Even worse, quite often  a job that the translator perceived as a short easy task turns into a translation from hell due to a technical issue or simple misjudgment. Of course, unnecessary and sometimes even incorrect feedback from editors is the bane of all translators. All this friction creates a tension, even anger. In terms of work pace, freelancing in general tends to be feast or famine, i.e., not enough or too much work, with occasional an unpleasant surprise on Friday night or other inconvenient time. Sometimes, there is no choice but to work too many hours, which is ultimately beneficial for the bank account but not enjoyable at the moment. As a couple, we can empathize with these feelings and provide the human element, understanding and logistical support (cups of tea and making dinner) required to ride through these crises. In simple words, you are not alone.

As for income, two freelance incomes are more stable and higher than one. Translator monthly income tends to vary significantly by field and month. For example, financial translators tend to have very busy first quarters of the year due to tax reporting requirements while certain offices push projects in November and December to take advantage of remaining budget to avoid future cuts. Moreover, technical changes, notably neural machine translation and ChatGPT, as well as new laws, such as in regards to translation or certification requirements, have varying effects of the landscape of the language industry. Spreading our income over a wider area helps protects us from “slings and arrows of outragious fortune”. On a more spiritual level, the technical and emotional support we get for each other creates positive vibes, which leads to better productivity and clearer thinking about all aspect of our business. This synergy leads to more business.

Admittedly, working with a spouse requires certain ground rules. First, what happens outside the office does not enter the office. Secondly, it is acceptable to discuss but each person reserves the right to make the final decision for his/her task. Finally, it is necessary to accept that each person approaches business differently, not better or worse. We do the best with what we have at any given moment.

There is a song in Hebrew “yoter tov beshnayim”, or, loosely translated, two are better than one. As we celebrate our tin anniversary (tinny does not ring very pleasant to my ears), we are aware that we have profted not only in our private but also in our business lives. I am looking forward to many such years.

[two towers wtih bridge*]

As a freelance translator for some 20 years now, I have succeeded in retaining numerous customers over the years as well as losing a few. I began knowing almost nothing how to run a small business, even in basic matters such as pricing. Over the years, through the heuristic process, an elegant word for trial and error, I have acquired a solid if not complete picture of how to differentiate myself from others. Since I am also a purchaser of services, I now pay attention to those traits that distinguish the better providers. I seek providers that ask questions, strive for perfection, price their service with self-respect, are honest about time and quality and treat me as important.

Asking – Translators, even those with the narrowest of the niches, cannot know everything. Furthermore, customers do not pay us to be 90% sure. Thus, translation by definition involves questioning and confirming our knowledge if there is the slightest doubt. When I hire any service, such as moving or packing, I prefer those providers that ask me questions to confirm details in order to eliminate any confusion or errors. I do not view this “doubt” as weakness but as a marker of professionalism.

Search for perfection – As a specialist, it is natural to fuss over small details that no customer would notice. Translators can spend an hour considering which word is the best choice knowing full well that this insistence is for their conscience, not the customer’s satisfaction in most cases. Most service providers can reach a satisfactory level of achievement. However, only those that insist on considering all potential issues are outstanding. In short, I seek service providers that strive for the best even at the cost of extra time instead of merely good enough.

Price – The connection between work and money is rather direct. When I perceive myself as being well paid, I am more motivated to go the extra mile when I know that the customer is properly compensating me. While low price does not necessarily mean low quality, high price is far more effective in aligning the quality expectations of the service buyer and provider. If quality is important and the budget is sufficient, I feel more confident confiding the task to a freelancer with a higher bid.

Time/price relationship – High quality results take time. If necessary, it is possible to produce a satisfactory translation in a rush most of the time (but not always). However, producing a seamless translation, one that does not sound like a translation, requires rigorous QA and time between drafts in order to clear the mind and see the actual copy. Likewise, in most tasks, hurrying leads to sloppiness and errors. It is often unfair to ask someone to be fast and accurate. As customers, we need to recognize this fact (as inconvenient as it may be) and decide which is more important. If we require a top-notch job, the service provider must demand and receive sufficient time.

Personal treatment – I work with numerous translation buyers. My customers know it but they still wish to be treated as my most important client regardless of the actual invoice amount. I view these relationships as long-term with my emphasis being increasing the number of steady customers, ones that I do not need to sell myself. While the current project may be small, I do not know when a large project from the same customer may arrive in my inbox. Thus, I communicate with all customers in the same way. Likewise, most service jobs I hire are rather small by nature but I still insist on being treated as important. My value is not the amount of my current order but instead potentially much  higher in the future whether through my orders or through the recommendations I give. I desire respect and choose service providers that respect me.

Running a service business has honed my sense of identifying appropriate service providers. I seek those that ask questions, strive for perfection, respect themselves in their price, are realistic about time and make me feel like a valuable customer. That is what I attempt to do with my own customers and expect from those providers whose services I hire.

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[water flowing through hand*]

When choosing the most appropriate translator, customers often focus on price and knowledge of the target language, the language into which the text must be translated. One factor that is no less important is the capacity of the translator to understand the source text. Specifically, in order to grasp the essence and intricacies of any document, the translator must have thorough linguistic and subject matter knowledge as well as experience in the field. Only then are linguists capable of ascertaining the full meaning of the text to be translated.

Clearly, formal knowledge of language is a requirement for any translator. This background goes beyond a basic knowledge of tenses and syntax. It involves the understanding nuances differentiating similar structures and words with non-identical meanings. For example, in English, may and can often do not express the same idea. Likewise, I have lived in England for 5 years does not mean the same as I lived in England for five years or I had lived in England for 5 years. It takes extensive education to grasp what the writer meant to said, far more than three years of high school classes. The appropriate translator should have studied the language of the document to be translated.

However, knowledge of the actual subject matter in that language is no less important. A linguist may have a rich general vocabulary but lack knowledge in whole series of fields, notably medicine, law and engineering. This ignorance leads to guessing, lack of confidence, overly literal translation and, far too often, serious errors. For example, a marché in the government realm is often a contact, not a market. The required background goes beyond vocabulary but how experts in that field express themselves in order to catch the nuances of the expressed and unexpressed text. The translation buyer should confirm that the translator has some formal background in the specific subject area in order to ensure a viable product.

That formal knowledge is not enough in many cases as there is no replacement for experience. A translator that has translated tens of thousands of words in a given subject area is far more proficient than one testing the waters for the first time. That person has already worked out many of the translation issues that appear in such texts, particularly how to deal with problematic terms without direct parallels in the target language and the sentence structure transformation often required in translation. For example, experienced translators from Russian understand that is necessary to remove the common Russian phrase "the activity of " and use a verb instead of a gerund. By  contrast, linguists inexperienced in the given field often produce awkward language as they “learn”. If you wish to have a specialized document translated, it is far more effective to let a seasoned expert do it.

Thus, translation buyers need to select their linguist carefully not only on the basis of knowledge of the target language and the price but also taking into account the knowledge of the translator of the language and vocabulary of the source document. Careful consideration of this factor will help eliminate the source of one problem in translation buying.

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[airport hall*]

Due to a personal situation, I had to fly to the United States from Israel on a moment’s notice, not an easy matter during the current war. Small courtesies and inconveniences make a great impression on a traveler especially for those occupied by difficult thoughts. In particular, I saw how differences in flight class, airline sites/applications and airports can affect the whole travel experience.

First, the luxury of business class goes well beyond the actual seats. Of course, it is wonderful to sleep properly on cross-Atlantic flights, allowing the traveler to arrive fresh and alert, just like in those old Pan Am commercials, not to mention to reduce the probablity of getting Covid. However, beyond the immediate comfort is the peace of mind that from arrival at the airport of departure to retrieval of the luggage at the airport of destination, the service staff is friendly and helpful. I do not have figure out those self-check-in machines; I can wait in a lounge that is quiet, has clean bathrooms, serves good coffee and meals and even has quiet rooms and showers in some cases. These relative peace and quiet calms the nerves significantly. Of course, business and first class get on and off the plane first, reducing the stress of crowding. For me, not having to worry about overhead space is an additional relief as I am worrier when I travel. For me, travelling business class on cross Atlantic flights , depending on the price, almost makes flying pleasurable.

However, to get a flight, it is necessary to order a ticket. That process has become quite complex due to the lack of complete information on any given route and the presentation of the existing information. People forget that some airlines have a policy not to list their flights with the certain sites, notably PSA in the United States, meaning that these sites do not show more convenient or less expensive options that may exist. Sometimes, it may be possible to find less expensive rates on another application or the actual airline site. Knowing that no site is totally comprehensive, I know to search widely for travel solutions. However, it is very distressing to discover that many airlines post one-way prices only, creating the impression that the flight is inexpensive. It is only several clicks later that one discovers that the desired route is no less expensive, if not more expensive, than the alternatives. This is annoying at minimum and, in my opinion, deceptive advertising at maximum. As one agent said, if seems too good to be true, it probably is. Booking tickets online can be a confusing and trying experience.

As I flew through three different airports, I could directly compare their user friendliness. I discovered that, regardless of size, the factors that influenced my impression of their design were access, signing, layouts and bathrooms To be specific, certain airports require long hikes to even get to the check-in point (LAX) while others are a hop, skip and jump (Athens). I really don’t want to get tired before I even get through security. I discovered the importance of signing as deplaning in an unknown airport is very confusing. I learned to appreciate omnipresent gate displays and arrows indicating the direction of distant gates. This element is related to the general layout of the airport. I felt at ease in the “market” atmosphere of Athens as compared to the open industrial clamor of Amersterdam. I have to mention that I regretted having a full breakfast when I saw that Greek fluffy pastry by the gate in Eleftherios Venizelos Airport. Still, bathrooms are the one single factor that make airport layovers easier. Plentiful and clean bathrooms are vital for mental health. Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport is a disaster. Reaching them requires going down stairs, not exactly a pleasure when carrying bags. Upon entering them, there were flooded or dirty. Given the longer and longer time between connecting flights, the airport experience has a great impact on the flying experience.

Alas, it is not always possible to afford business, easily identify the best flight and choose airports. Travel will always remain an adventure for better or worse. I do my best to roll with the situation and cope. Still, not all flights are created equally pleasant, alas.

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My mother, who just died peacefully at the age of 96, would quote her grandmother, who said that a person needed luck in birth and death. It could be understood that, in between, a person made his/her own life. My mother succeeded in playing her cards and living a full, rich life all the way to the end (and even was lucky in death). More than that, she influenced not her only family but inspired friends of all ages and even their children by the force of her character and personality.

Born in 1928 to an immigrant Jewish family in Paris, her childhood was rich in family warmth but poor in financial and social stability. The Great Depression left a mark on all those that endured it, making them appreciative of money and food. World War II saw her lose her father to the Germans, have her mother’s health deteriorate and have to take on the responsibility of raising her younger sister, all at the age of 14. The cancellation of her engagement by her fiancé’s family right after the war was the final blow. She was without hope, education or future in France.

Her reaction exemplifies her approach to life. In the early 1950’s, she immigrated to the United States, alone and without knowing a word of English. From then on, she made her life. She became a top perfume seller in New York (helped by her French accent), met my father there and got married. They moved to California, began a family at the age of 27, raised two boys, bought and created an elegant house, traveled the world and even owned at various times a house in Brittany and an apartment in Paris. She even survived cancer in both breasts. She even was far better read than most of her supposedly educated contemporaries. As she would say, not bad for a poor girl from the shetl [the Yiddish term for the Marais, the then poor Jewish area of Paris].

If I try to understand how she did it, I see three characteristics. First, she knew what she wanted. As most women of her generation, she wanted to raise a family, keep an elegant and orderly house (be a proper balabusta), eat well, travel the world, but she also dreamed of having  an apartment in France and eating strawberries in winter. She succeeded in all of them, working with my father to gradually attain her goals. If the conditions were not right, she waited for  a better moment. It took a least a decade to fully furnish her house but she bought items piece by piece as the budget allowed until she built the elegant home that my parents loved to their last day, all without getting into debt. The apartment in Paris was only a dream until relatively late in life when the stars lined up and allowed it to come true, giving them 10 years of great pleasure. Having a clear vision of what she wanted, she eventually lived her life as she wanted.

This determination was properly tempered by logic and reason. She freely expressed all emotions from joy to anger. Yet, she quickly analyzed and understood the reality of any situation, came to terms with a situation and sought a pratical solution. She was quick to forgive and admit her own error while adjusting her approach to the reality. This flexibility served her well both in her youth and old age, when she had to cope with ever growing limitations. She did not waste her energy on  getting angry at her difficulties but instead worked with them and was a proud, independent woman, even driving, till her last days.

Her most important strength was optimism. She believed that she would survive and succeed. She knew that she would not be picked up by the Germans, would survive the war, learn English, raise successful children, learn tennis and golf (despite derogatory comments from her teachers), playing to the age of 89, overcome cancer, live a long life and have a quick death. She was right. Not only that, she shared her optimism with others, including her nieces and nephews, the children of her friends and even inspired my childhood friend to become an artist. She not only sought the positive in her life but also in others. For that reason, I had the pleasure of speaking to so many people, old and young, after she died who remember what an inspiration she was for them.

My mother once asked my dad why he married such an uneducated girl. His answer, jokingly if you will, was that he saw that she had potential. There is a saying that God does not judge you for what you do but for what you do with the cards you have. If life was a round of hearts (a card game), my mother shot the moon and won the game. She lived with style and elegance. I hope that she has rejoined my father somewhere up there and they they are drinking the best champaign with their French bread and brie. My mother knew how to live. 

[tree with clouds in background*]

2023 has not been a simple year, including for the residents of the Middle East and translators. To be blunt, it has been a year of earthquakes of the existential type. Collecting my thoughts, the two must powerful forces have been artificial intelligence and, for too many of us, the Gaza War. They have tested the faith in the future but I have also seen a much quieter but no less powerful force: the ability of the human mind to focus on a problem and improve reality.

ChatGPT in its many forms has hit the world like a sledgehammer. I will not even claim that I fully understand the techniques and manner of using it but I do have some, if limited, comprehension of the effect. The capacity to allow an algorithm to create a reality according to custom-made requirements is an amazing tool. Millions of people, including professionals, use it as an active tool. However, as a translator, I do not feel threatened because, while it creates a virtual reality, a verisimilitude, its outcomes may have nothing to do with reality. I suggest asking an IA engine of your choice to provide details of your life. You will discover some amazing facts. To be fair, fantasy is a powerful engine for creating reality. Think about how many gadgets on the Star Trek series have become everyday products, including cell phones and universal translators. However, this year too many people forgot how it is not human. Think about how often people accept doctored pictures as proof. In the courts, almost amusingly, Michael Cohen invented some legal cases sympathetic to his case using AI and sent them to his lawyer, who cited them. The judge was not amused. Even in translations, it is sad to say that a few so-called translators believe that unedited machine translation is actually how people write. My wife just spent seven hours rewriting a Google-translate text that should have required some 2 hours to edit if the translator had actually done the work. Children understand that Wile E. Coyote cannot actually survive having a rock fall on him. Their parents should be aware that artificial intelligence is just that, artificial.

On a more tragic note, the Gaza War, or whatever name it will receive in the history books, has created an enormous human tragedy and still is at the time of writing. The number of dead, wounded and traumatized  victims in Israel and, yes, Gaza, Syria and Lebanon is heartbreaking. The economic damage will have an impact for a decade. On an even sadder note for me, the intensity of pure, unbridled hatred that the war has unleased has shaken the belief in the essential goodness of human beings. It is, again, okay to wish the death of anybody that disagrees with you. This wave of hate goes far beyond the borders of the Middle East and is impacting most of the world. It makes it appear that human beings have made no progress and maybe regressed over the centuries. I find that destructive urge, whether in words or acts, extremely distressing.

On the other side, through conferences I have attended, I have encountered, physically and virtually, so many people that dedicate their lives to solving small problems and find beautiful solutions. There are countless academics delving in the intricacies of fascinating processes not because of the money but because they want to enrich their mind and the world, although they do not reject money, of course. I have seen the work of so many translators who invest disproportional time to find the absolute translation not because it matters to the customer but because they believe that translation is an art and, thus, is worthy of the effort to reach people and perfection. It is this ability to ignore the macro and focus on the micro that gives me hope for a better world as complicated situations are solved one step at a time.

With a bit of a heavy heart, I try to look optimistically to the future. Artificial intelligence will not disappear but people hopefully will learn how to apply its usefulness and recognize its limitations. The Gaza war will end at some time, one way or another. People will rebuild their lives, albeit as different people than they were before the war. What will not change is that the silent majority will continue to find solutions to small problems and, knowingly or unknowingly, make the world a better place. In short, let’s hope for a gentler 2024.

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Anybody that has ever asked for a quote for translation of documents probably was rather surprised by the price range. The highest proposal can easily be two times or more than the lowest one. The reasons for this high variance include both personal situations and market conditions. For the translation buyers, I present some ways to process and interpret the rates in order to identify the most appropriate translator.

Both individual considerations and market realities affect specific proposals. Since translators operate on the Internet, including email and professional sites, geography does not play a major role in limiting potential customers. Translators in Germany and India compete for the same buyers. However, the local standard of living creates a minimum level of effective income. In simple terms, translators have to know how many hours at a certain rate they have to work to pay the rent and buy groceries. In that sense, low and high are also relative terms in relation to the local standard of living. Of course, many freelance translators choose low rates as the consider it as a side-occupation, closer to a hobby than an occupation. On the other spectrum, other linguists need to make a living from their work and demand commensurate rates as they wish to live at a certain standard of living. On a more conscious level, many translators deliberately choose a strategy, including low- or high-end pricing. To explain, if income is defined volume multiplied by rate, some prefer to increase volume by opting for lower rates while others opt for rate by seeking deep-pocketed buyers. Experience level  often influences this choice. With experience, it is natural and healthy to demand higher rates while new translators are hesitant or nervous about demanding upmarket rates.

All these issues are overshadowed by a major market force in translation: nobody knows what the market rate is (see post). Freelancers and even some agencies rarely post translation rates. National laws may even prevent it as some countries consider rate discussion as price fixing. Even among colleagues, most translators considerate it “indelicate” to ask how much the other is charging. This fog leaves everybody in the dark. Even with years of experience, it is often unclear whether a given rate for a given job in a given year is high or low. Thus, aside from individual choices, translation quotes can vary greatly simply because nobody knows what the market rate is.

The issue is how should a translation buyer process the proposals and identify the most appropriate. The usual policy of automatically eliminating the highest and lowest is not relevant as the price does not necessarily reflect quality or base cost for the service provider.  It is important to keep in mind that agency quotes generally do not specify the actual cost of the translator. This rate, especially for the some of the larger agencies, can be rather low. The ideal buying process is to first identify the level of specialized knowledge required for the translation, the level of quality required for the actual use of the translated material and the budget. For example, if an attorney needs translation of a foreign court decision to submit to a local court, such a translation requires thorough understanding of the concepts, must be completely accurate in terms of content and should be stylistically appropriate for court use. Otherwise, the translation is defective or useless. By contrast, staying in the legal field, the translation of a series of legal documents for purposes of firm-level identification of issues requires far less expertise and polishing. The message must be clear. In the first case, it may be worthwhile choosing the high bid as the resulting translation will be “less expensive” than that produced a translator with less expertise. In the second case, even a translator with little experience at a commensurate price but sufficient knowledge may be able to provide a “good enough” result at a lower price. The key is to identify (as much as possible) the most appropriate translators for a specific job and then take the budget into account.

Like a statistician facing too much outlier data, translation buyers are sometimes confused by the lack of any industry standard rate range. The key to dealing with this variance is to focus on the solution, i.e., an appropriately knowledgeable translator as demonstrated by previous exposure to the genre, formal or informal, regardless of the level of experience, for the quality required of the job and then compare prices, obviously taking into account budget limits. It is important to remember that, in translation, to a certain degree, but only for a certain degree, you get what you pay for.

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[candies*]

Multi-disciplinary research conferences create certain feelings - among them ignorance and wonder. Researchers in many different fields present their ongoing projects to colleagues in non-related fields. The curious result is most of the audience doesn’t fully understand some or all aspects of the presentation. At the same time, the listeners, or at least I, gain an appreciation of new topics and, no less important, the brilliant minds of their colleagues.

As a mere English lecturer without a science background, all of the topics were new to me with quite a few being quite incomprehensible except for the main idea, partly because my knowledge of math is rather limited. Still, these presentations opened previously unknown worlds and perspectives and gave me hope for practical solutions for important current problems in the foreseeable future. Among those presentations that I was able to follow, I wish to highlight several that especially piqued my interest, notably those discussing developments in health care and environmental solutions as well as a few that related to more obscure but still potentially relevant issues.

In the area of health, Dr. Iris Weitz discussed the use of copper oxide nanoparticles as a tool in healing and preventive health. Similar to gold and silver, she and her colleagues discovered that copper has certain properties even in a nanoparticle form that can help the body fight illnesses. At the same particle level, Prof. Sarit Sivan presented research on how nanoparticles containing pain killers can be used to ease eye pain and allow proper rest for patients in the first 72 hours after laser surgery. In the both of these lectures in TedTalk form, both the science and implications were quite clear and thought-provoking

In regards to environment issues, Associate Prof. Essam Sabah, in conjunction with several European colleagues, presented research that shows how it may be possible to use jelly fish mucus, which the animal uses to clean the water around it, to capture and bind nanoparticles of plastic and improve water treatment systems. In another lecture, Dr. Lilach Lasur Kruh explained how the search for the original DNA in wild humus plants may help fight mushroom infections in cultured plants and the challenges involved in implementing the solution. These lectures reinforced the notion that science does not always have to reinvent the wheel, only find where it is buried.

On a more esoteric but no less useful note, Dr. Anat Dahan presenting findings on research demonstrating how cooperation synchronizes brains. The testing involved monitoring brain activities when two individuals worked on the same task together. The implications of such development could be far reaching. Dr. Elad Denenberg discussed creating algorithms that would allow satellites to automatically avoid the rapidly-increasing quantity of space garbage floating around the earth. The major challenge is to make the calculation simple enough that the satellite can make the calculations autonomously and minimize waste of fuel in maneuvering. The need for research in these fields seem obvious now.

The pleasure of college research conferences is the magnificent combination of incredible knowledge with the ability and experience in expressing this knowledge. All the presenters expanded and enlightened the minds of the listeners. I merely presented a few of my favorite things. I wish to thank the College and the conference organizers for the event. I am looking forward to next year’s session.

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[cat with lion in mirror*]

Through historical events, languages encounter each other and leave linguistic marks. Specifically, foreign roots enter a language, often providing a term for a concept that needed a word. However, the meaning of foreign words sometimes takes on a twist. This modification can confuse natives of the original language, who think that they understand the meaning. I will give some examples of this phenomenon, citing sentences in French-English and Hebrew-English.

Let’s start with a nice marketing sentence in French:

J’ignore que vous réussirez à commercialiser et vulgariser le produit.

An English speaker unfamiliar with business French would find this sentence slightly confusing even though the words seem understandable. First of all, why would someone ignore a future event? Second, it is not clear what the concept of commercialization refers to. Is private usage the opposite status? Finally, the purpose of marketing is to add status. Therefore, why would a company want to make it seem vulgar, of low quality? For clarity’s sake, the proper translation of this sentence to English is “I don’t know whether you will succeed in marketing and popularizing the product”.

Going the opposite direction, English to French, we have this fine academic phrase: evolution of a formidable society. A French person with minimal knowledge of English would be unsure of this context here and may misunderstand it. First, evolution in French can also refer to conscious development as compared to evolutionary probability. Second, formidable in French generally means wonderful (see song), which is not true in English where it means strong. Finally, society in French can also refer to an organized business unit, a corporation in English, creating an ambiguity. Therefore, a French person could understand the phrase to indicate the plan  to create a wonderful company. The actual context could be the development of a city state such as Sparta over time, which was a major power at its peak.

Hebrew has also adopted English expressions quite freely over the last 100 years or so but not always retained their original meaning, thus creating a bit of confusion to visitors with minimal Hebrew. Let’s consider this Corona period statement:

לבקש ללבוש פוטר בזמן הסטאז' הוא שאלת קיטבג.

[levakesh lilbosh futer b’zman hastaj hu sha’alat kitbag]

Three words are of interest. What is footer (third word)? In practice, it is a fabric but refers to sweat pants. The stage (fifth word) is not a stage in the context of the theatre or planning but refers to an apprenticeship, as in some parts of Europe. The last term is completely obscure (and admittedly a bit slangy). It does mean a kit bag but refers to a stupid question that one should not ask, as in “Sargeant, do we need to bring our kit bag?”, which leads to all the soldiers having to carry one. So, the phrase means it is not a good idea to ask to be allowed to wear pajamas when you are an apprentice. Clear, right?

It is convenient to know some roots in a foreign language when you need to decipher meanings. However, it is risky to assume that the resulting words have the exact same meaning. A little knowledge can be very dangerous.

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[salad ready for preparation*]

This past week, I had the great pleasure of participating both as a speaker and listener in the online BP Winter Translation Forum. With more than 50 lectures in several languages over three days, there was plenty of food for thought for any translator. If one definition of success of a conference is that the participant leaves with one new perspective and one concrete tehcnique to apply, this event far exceeded expectations. Among the various themes, one of the most interesting ones was the active choice to follow one’s passion and choose small niches. The speakers showed that it is possible to combine work and pleasure.

Examples of passion motivating translator choices were Gabriela Kouahla and Jennifer Case. Ms. Kouahla identified and focuses on aspiring academics in North Africa that require assistance in preparing articles for publication. Correspondingly, she actively caters to their needs and payment conditions. She feels part of their long-term success while ensuring her own long term financial stability. In her case, social activism and making a living go hand in hand. Likewise, Ms. Case, an Arabic to English translator, relishes to go where most translators fear to tread, political and social causes. She attempts to fully express the idea, no matter how uncomfortable it may be for some parties in the translation cycle, while challenging public stereotypes. She does not fear criticism and, thus, channels her personal passion into her professional work. For these translators, their belief system fuels their work.

Two of the speakers dissected two large markets and showed the various submarkets that exist. Eman Abdu showed the fascinating and diverse world of Arabic from Morocco to Iraq, highlighting the other languages that influence its modern vocabulary, including Amazigh (Berber), French, English and Italian. She noted that, given the wide range of forms of spoken Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, a constructed language, serves as a bridge between cultures, a bit like English in India. Also breaking monolithic myths was Heddwan Newton, who illustrated how many types of English exist. These forms include UK and US English but also Australian aborigine and Italian, to name just a few. She highlighted the importance of being aware of the local variances by noting several terms that have rather different meanings depending on the culture, such as tabling a motion and root. From these lecturers, it became clear that each of these language subgroups are potential niches for qualified translators.

Of course, the conference treated many other translation-related topics, including, but fortunately not focusing on, AI. The more “practical lectures” included Chris Durbin’s advice to new translators (once in English and once in French, WOW!), Uri Bruck’s explanation of TM matches and my lecture on email communication when translators make errors. See the program for a complete list of all the lectures. To those whose names I did not mention, it is because I was unable to either attend the presentation or ran out of room in this post. Please do not be offended. I wish to thank Csaba Bán and his staff for an amazingly smooth experience.

Overall, the BP Winter Translation Forum was well organized, informative and wide-ranging. Almost without exception, the lecturers were organized and knowledgeable (the first is not a given taking into the account the introverted nature of many translators). There was a plenty of food for thought for one and all. I look forward to attending more such conferences.

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[Foundations of an old house*]

English is the ultimate collector of words, building on roots from any language it encounters. Yet, sometimes, meanings get lost or significantly changed in transition. To demonstrate, I present an interesting short survey of various words in English for a dwelling.

[Colorful town houses]

[Irish manor]

[Apartment building]

[Shanty town]

[Yurt]

[Toy house on lawn]

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Picture credits – Pixabay